![]() Doping of a small electrons may raise abundant interaction among charge, spin, orbital and lattice degree of freedom for SrTiO 3, therefore display the intriguing physical properties such as rectifying behavior 22, resistive switching phenomenon 4, 9, ionic polarization 23, high permittivity with low dielectric loss 24, 25, thermoelectric 26, 27, inverse spin Hall effect 28, luminescence 29, quantum ferroelectric 30 and so on. However, technology application requires manipulating the physical properties.ĭoping is one of the easiest and most efficient ways to manipulate physical properties of STO, not only because of the change of the carriers, but also the structural change of the unit cell 19, 20, 21. Many interesting properties have been discovered in the STO system, for example: STO is a quantum paraelectric 13 as well as the first reported insulating oxide superconducting material 14 LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3 heterointerface has two-dimensional electron gas with highly mobility of charge carriers 15, 16 migration of oxygen vacancies occurs at BaTiO 3−δ/SrTiO 3 interface 17 ferromagnetic metallic phase and antiferromagnetic insulating phase occur in strained SrRuO 3/SrTiO 3 superlattices 18. The STO system has attracted considerable attentions not only for being a model transition-metal oxide system where fundamental physics has been extensively studied 1, 2, 3, but also for its potential application in new device fabrications due to its tunable electronic, optical and transport properties 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. as STO) is a well known as one of the typical perovskite-like oxides with the general formula ABO 3.
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